Databases in Django

Охватываемые темы: Supported Database Backends, Configuring SQLite (default), Configuring PostgreSQL, Via environment variable (recommended).

Supported Database Backends

Django supports several databases out of the box:

Configuring SQLite (default)

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}

Configuring PostgreSQL

pip install psycopg2-binary

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'mydb',
        'USER': 'myuser',
        'PASSWORD': 'mypassword',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '5432',
    }
}

Via environment variable (recommended)

pip install dj-database-url

import dj_database_url

DATABASES = {
    'default': dj_database_url.config(
        default='sqlite:///db.sqlite3',
        conn_max_age=600,
    )
}

.env:

DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:pass@localhost/mydb

Multiple databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql', ...},
    'analytics': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', ...},
}

# Usage
Task.objects.using('analytics').all()

Why PostgreSQL for production

• Full transaction support
• JSON fields (JSONField)
• Full-text search
• Reliability and scalability