pip: Python Package Manager

Охватываемые темы: Installing packages, Upgrading and removing, requirements.txt, Virtual environment.

Installing packages

pip install requests          # a specific package
pip install requests==2.31.0  # a specific version
pip install "requests>=2.28"  # minimum version
pip install -r requirements.txt  # from a file

Upgrading and removing

pip install --upgrade requests  # upgrade
pip uninstall requests          # remove
pip list                        # list installed packages
pip show requests               # package details

requirements.txt

# Save the current environment
pip freeze > requirements.txt

# Install from a file
pip install -r requirements.txt

Contents of requirements.txt:

Django==5.0.1
djangorestframework==3.14.0
requests==2.31.0

Virtual environment

# Create
python -m venv venv

# Activate
source venv/bin/activate      # macOS/Linux
venv\Scripts\activate         # Windows

# Deactivate
deactivate

# Install packages into the environment
pip install django

pip vs Poetry vs uv

Searching for packages

pip search django  # deprecated, use pypi.org instead

Security

pip audit  # check for vulnerabilities
pip install pip-audit

Mirrors (if downloads are slow)

pip install django -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple