Internationalization (i18n) in Django

Охватываемые темы: Configuration, Translating strings in Python, Translating in templates, Creating translation files.

Configuration

# settings.py
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'ru'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True

LANGUAGES = [
    ('ru', 'Русский'),
    ('en', 'English'),
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    ...
    'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
]

LOCALE_PATHS = [BASE_DIR / 'locale']

Translating strings in Python

from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _

class Task(models.Model):
    class Status(models.TextChoices):
        TODO = 'todo', _('К выполнению')
        DONE = 'done', _('Выполнено')

    title = models.CharField(_('заголовок'), max_length=200)

# In views.py
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _

def my_view(request):
    message = _('Задача создана успешно')
    return HttpResponse(message)

Translating in templates

{% load i18n %}

<h1>{% trans "Мои задачи" %}</h1>
<p>{% blocktrans with count=task_count %}У вас {{ count }} задач{% endblocktrans %}</p>

Creating translation files

# Collect strings for translation
python manage.py makemessages -l en

# File locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/django.po
# msgid "К выполнению"
# msgstr "To Do"

# Compile
python manage.py compilemessages

Switching languages

# URL for changing the language
from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns

urlpatterns = [
    path('i18n/', include('django.conf.urls.i18n')),
] + i18n_patterns(
    path('tasks/', include('tasks.urls')),
)

<form action="{% url 'set_language' %}" method="post">
  {% csrf_token %}
  <input name="next" type="hidden" value="{{ request.path }}">
  <select name="language">
    {% get_available_languages as languages %}
    {% for code, name in languages %}
      <option value="{{ code }}">{{ name }}</option>
    {% endfor %}
  </select>
  <button type="submit">Switch</button>
</form>