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intermediate level
Deepen your knowledge with intermediate-level materials and practical examples to develop your skills.
Intermediate level materials
Carefully selected articles for your level
Tokens in LLMs: How the Model Sees Text
When you send a request to a language model, it doesn't see words or letters. It sees tokens β chunks...
The datetime Module: Working with Dates and Times
datetime is Python's standard module for working with dates and times. It's part of the standard library β no installation...
.env Files and Environment Variables: Keeping Secrets Out of Code
Imagine you wrote a program with an API key hardcoded in the source and pushed it to GitHub. An hour...
argparse: Command-Line Arguments in Python
When a script grows from a toy into a real tool, input() becomes inconvenient. Professional CLI programs accept arguments at...
Layers and Caching in Docker
Every instruction in a Dockerfile creates a layer β an intermediate image. Docker caches layers and reuses them on subsequent...
Docker Compose: Multi-Container Applications
Docker Compose is a tool for running multiple related containers as a single application. The configuration is defined in a...
Dockerfile: Building Your Own Images
Dockerfile β a text file with instructions for building an image. Each instruction becomes a layer.
Docker Volumes: Persisting Data
By default, data inside a container is not persisted β delete the container and the data is gone. Volumes solve...
API Keys: What They Are and How to Use Them
Most public APIs require an API key β a unique string that identifies you as a registered user of the...
The requests Library: HTTP Requests from Python
requests is the most downloaded Python library in the world β over 300 million downloads per month. It makes HTTP...
How to Read API Documentation
API documentation is a developer's primary tool. Knowing how to read it matters more than memorizing any specific API β...
SDK and REST API: What's the Difference and Which Should You Choose?
In earlier lessons, you called APIs directly with requests: you supplied the URL, HTTP method, headers, and parameters yourself. Lesson...
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