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intermediate level
Deepen your knowledge with intermediate-level materials and practical examples to develop your skills.
Intermediate level materials
Carefully selected articles for your level
List Comprehensions β Elegant Lists
A list comprehension builds a new list from an iterable with an optional transformation and filtering condition.
CSV: Working with Tables
CSV (Comma-Separated Values) is a text format for storing tabular data. It opens in Excel and Google Sheets and is...
OOP: Program Like a World Builder π
Imagine: you're building a zombie-apocalypse game. You need zombies, humans, weapons. Every zombie has a name, health points, and can...
DRY: Don't Repeat Yourself π
Imagine you're writing code to hack 10 systems. You copy the hacksystem() function 10 times. Then you find a bug...
Functions: Best Practices
Goal: Write functions that are easy to read, test, and reuse.
Try/Except: Error Handling
Goal: Learn to handle errors and make programs reliable.
The __str__ Method: Beautiful Object Output
You print an object to the console and see: <main.Zombie object at 0x10e8c4d90>. Useless!
Class Methods: Bringing Objects to Life
A method is a function that belongs to an object.
Creating Classes: __init__ and self
A class defines an object's data and behavior, while init establishes its initial state.
with open: Working with Files the Right Way
Files preserve data between program runs, while the with statement ensures that a file is closed correctly even when an...
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