Materials
intermediate level
Deepen your knowledge with intermediate level materials and practical examples for skill development.
Intermediate level materials
Carefully selected articles for your level
List Comprehensions — Elegant Lists
A list comprehension is a way to build a list in one line instead of a loop.
CSV: Working with Tables
CSV (Comma-Separated Values) is a text format for storing tabular data. It opens in Excel and Google Sheets and is...
OOP: Program Like a World Builder 🌍
Imagine: you're building a zombie-apocalypse game. You need zombies, humans, weapons. Every zombie has a name, health points, and can...
DRY: Don't Repeat Yourself 🔄
Imagine you're writing code to hack 10 systems. You copy the hacksystem() function 10 times. Then you find a bug...
Functions: Best Practices
Goal: Write functions that are easy to read, test, and reuse.
Why Comments Are Often Unnecessary in Code 🤔
You've probably been told: "Comment your code!" But here's the secret: good code explains itself. Comments are rarely needed, and...
Try/Except: Error Handling
Goal: Learn to handle errors and make programs reliable.
The `__str__` Method: Beautiful Object Output
You print an object to the console and see: <main.Zombie object at 0x10e8c4d90>. Useless!
Class Methods: Bringing Objects to Life
A method is a function that belongs to an object.
Creating Classes: `__init__` and `self`
init is called automatically when an object is created. Analogy: when a baby is born, it's immediately given a name...
`with open`: Working with Files the Right Way
Data in variables only lives while the program runs. When it closes — everything is lost.
Controlling Time and Randomness in Python ⏱️🎲
Sometimes code runs too fast (all the text dumps on screen in a fraction of a second), or you need...
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