Materials
intermediate level
Deepen your knowledge with intermediate level materials and practical examples for skill development.
Intermediate level materials
Carefully selected articles for your level
pathlib: Working with Paths in Python
pathlib is the modern way to work with filesystem paths instead of plain strings.
What is an ORM
ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) is a technology that lets you work with a database through Python objects instead of writing raw...
httpx: A Modern HTTP Client for Python
httpx is a next-generation HTTP client. Its interface is similar to requests, but it supports async/await out of the box.
Typer: CLI Applications Without the Boilerplate
Typer builds CLIs from Python type annotations. No argparse, no manual parsing — just decorators and types.
Pydantic v2: Data Validation in Python
Pydantic is a library for data validation using type annotations. Version 2 was rewritten in Rust and runs 5–50x faster...
asyncio in Python: Asynchronous Programming
asyncio is Python's standard library for asynchronous code. It lets you execute multiple tasks "simultaneously" within a single thread.
JSON Schema: Describing Data Structures
JSON Schema is a standard for describing the structure of JSON. In the Claude API it is used to define...
SQLite in Python: Persistent Memory for Agents
SQLite is a relational database built into Python. It stores data in a single file and requires no server. It...
Deployment and ReplicaSet in Kubernetes
A Pod is a one-shot unit. A Deployment is the mechanism that guarantees the right number of pods is always...
Django: Template Tags
Template tags are logic inside HTML. Unlike {{ variable }} which only outputs a value, {% %} tags control flow:...
Bootstrap 5 Basics
Bootstrap is the world's most popular CSS framework. It provides ready-made components and a utility class system that lets you...
Semantic HTML5 Tags
Semantic tags describe the meaning of content, not just its appearance. A browser won't visually distinguish <div> from <article> —...
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